Document Type

Thesis

College

College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Department

Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences

Degree

MS in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Date Completed

Spring 2023

First Committee Member

N/A

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to fabricate and optimize glucosamine-loaded liposomes to increase permeability compared to plain glucosamine, evaluating the in vitro release, irritability, and permeability. Methods: Liposomes were formulated using a lipid film hydration-ultrasonic method. Samples were analyzed to ensure appropriate drug concentration using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assay protocol. An in vitro release evaluation was performed over 48 hours and samples were analyzed using HPLC. In vitro permeability and irritability, studies were used to evaluate the topical delivery utilizing MatTek’s Epiderm System. In addition, content uniformity, stability, entrapment efficiency, and physical properties such as pH, and spreadability were assessed. Results: HPLC results of the glucosamine liposome sample exhibited high entrapment efficiency at 91.6%. Content uniformity of all samples was within the acceptable range of 90%-110%. The pH of all compounded gels was within the acceptable range for topical gel, pH 4-6. Spreadability was visually inspected and found to be viscous and smooth in texture with no aggregates. The in vitro skin irritation tests revealed all samples with a mean OD >50%, indicating non-irritant. The permeability tests revealed increased permeability of liposomal formulations over a 6-hour period. Conclusion: Encapsulating glucosamine within liposomes increases drug permeation through the skin. This study has highlighted new possibilities for the use of liposomes in topical applications and the use of glucosamine topically. With the findings of this study and previous data, it can be concluded that glucosamine liposomes are an ideal formulation to increase permeability, entrapment efficiency, and reduce pill burden.

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